dextran hydrodynamic radius

; Tsuchiya, H.M.; Rist, C.E. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). 2004;25(9):155967. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. 2012;29(7):201729. Working with the molecular weights given by the manufacturer and compare them with the molecular weights, calculated from the Mark-Houwink parameters in this work; can be seen that the %RE obtained, see Table 6. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. The Mark-Houwink parameters is calculated molecular weights range from 8.8 to 200kDa. Optical properties of dextran in solution and in films. Superior prebiotic and physicochemical properties of novel dextran from Weissella cibaria JAG8 for potential food applications. The dextran was chosen as another branched polysaccharide which, like the others was suspected to show hyperbranched behavior. The qM-H values given by equation 13, these vary from 0.9993 to 0.9841 for the range between 8.8 to 200kDa in a temperature range of 20 to 40C. 4h after microporation, the sizes of the micropore decreased slightly. Soc., 21, 1, 78-86. Synthesis and characterization of blue dextrans. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. ACS Nano. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC Catiker, E.; Guner, A. Polyelectrolytes as secondary calibration standards for aqueous SEC. Carbohydrate Polymers, 36, 319-326. Radiofrequency is a well-known medical technique with expanded application in electrosurgery for laparoscopic medical procedures and in dermatology, for sebaceous glands ablation in acne treatment [12, 13], and treatment of photoaging skin symptoms, including wrinkles and hyperpigmentation [14]. AATEX. SEC of mono-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in a wide range of pH, MarkHouwink constants. Webprotein hydrodynamic radius was observed with increasing protein concentration (in the range 0.25-2 mM) in both the absence and presence of 8 M urea. The [] is connected to the dimensions of the biopolymer molecule isolated in a certain solvent. Schematic illustration of transdermal delivery after the application of the microporation device. Journal Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 97, 295-301. WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. Lim SB, Tingirikari JMR, Seo JS, Li L, Shim S, Seo JH, Han NS. Castellanos Gil, E. E.; Iraizoz Colarte, A.; El Ghzaoui, A.; Durand, D.; Delarbre, J.L. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). Journal Argentine Chemical Society 100 (2013) 25-34. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):861. doi: 10.3390/foods12040861. (1999). The importance of this type of study lies in the analysis of the polysaccharide behavior at industrial processes, the requirements to reduce energy, avoid flow problems and product quality control. J Appl Toxicol. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Part of The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). The measurements of dextrans molecular weight were determined by size exclusion HPLC (Gilson, France) with Refraction Index detector using a Polysep-GFC-P5000 column (7.8030 mm). Garcia de la Torre, J.; Carrasco, B. Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH. Bookshelf 2011;16(2):518. All branched polysaccharide types could be described approximately by the hyperbranching theory. 113, 81-86. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. 2006;3(3):37385. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. These constants can be determined experimentally by measuring the intrinsic viscosity of several polymer samples for which the molecular weight has been determined by an independent method (i.e. However, the results did not show significant regeneration of micropore compared to previous in vivo studies which reported significant regeneration [25]. Table 2 compares the properties of nanoparticles coated with one or other polymer. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. Unperturbed dimensions and theta temperature of dextran in aqueous solutions. Hrabchak C, Flynn L, Woodhouse KA. Boudry I, Blanck O, Cruz C, Blanck M, Vallet V, Bazire A, Capt A, Josse D, Lallement G. Percutaneous penetration and absorption of parathion using human and pig skin models in vitro and human skin grafted onto nude mouse skin model in vivo. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish 10K, and c M.W. We offer more than 50 fluorescent and biotinylated dextran conjugates in several molecular weight ranges. ; Ghosh, T.K. Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Whiteside PJD, Chininis JA, Schellenberg MW, Qian C, Hunt HK. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol A solvent at this temperature is called a theta solvent [53]. Exp Cell Res. Because of the recent animal protection rules which have restricted animal experiments [19], we used human cadaver skin as an alternative to animals. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10K was 4.820.32M, in the human skin and 5.920.46M in the pig skin. Arond L.H. Carbohydr Polym. WebIn this work, hydrodynamic properties are investigated in different dextran aqueous solutions with different molecular weights (8.8-2000kDa), in a temperature range from 20C to 50C. Hydrodynamic radii ( RH) were determined by dynamic light scattering. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. (1999). Carbohydrate Polymers 88 1440-1444. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Its Invariancy with Respect to the Cross-Sectional Dimensions of Polymer Chains. Kuge Takashi; Kimie Kobayashi; Shinichi Kitamura; Hiroshi Tanahashi. For a rigid or rod like polymer molecule that is greatly extended in solution, the Mark-Houwink a constant approaches to a value of 2.0 [48].The hydrodynamic radius (RH), for a sphere ((a/b) = 2.5) is given by the Einstein relation [49]. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). 43-1, 115-147. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. 2012;9(2):14754. To confirm the extent of skin damage and regeneration after microporation, porations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. II. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. GPC Symp. The fact that the intrinsic viscosity of a given polymer sample is different according to the solvent used gives and insight about the general shape of polymer molecules in solution. (2008). However, in vitro investigations are very few. Crini, G. (2005). California Privacy Statement, Herwadkar A, Banga AK. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. Privacy The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 WebR H Hydrodynamic radius [m] The basic DLS setup. Format). Stenekes, R.J.H. Webwhittier union high school district superintendent. Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. Huggins, Maurice L. (1942). 2005;304(1):27486. The Mark-Houwink. Carbohydrate Polymers, 39, 377-380. 2013;3(5):3588605. J Pharm Sci. The effectiveness of the RF microporation technique in transdermal drug delivery of macromolecules and hydrophilic agents such as peptides, hormones, and vaccines has been demonstrated extensively in previous studies [16,17,18]. (2012). In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. Weissella: An Emerging Bacterium with Promising Health Benefits. 4, 10, and 20K) was measured using the Transdermal diffusion cell system. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Pribush, A.; Zilberman-Kravits, D.; Meyerstein, N. (2007). Expert Opin Drug Deliv. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. Dynamic light scattering study confirmed the mono-disperse nature of dextran with hydrodynamic radius of 900 nm. what will you do to keep amazon safe answers; amarsi assisted living; peter clarke, emilia clarke; personality characteristics of kiran mazumdar shaw; karina mitchell age; mirela romanian orphan died; dsa presidential endorsement; dextran hydrodynamic radius. Polysaccharides-based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. (2003). Masuelli, Martin Alberto. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. Macromolecules. Dextran (DX) is one type of EPS synthesized by LAB in the presence of sucrose (R g), radius of hydrodynamic (R h), polymer conformation parameter ( = R g /R h), intrinsic viscosity ([]), Mark-Houwink coefficient () and branching degree of DXs of RPYs prepared under different conditions. If plotted for all molecular weights, the double logarithm of [] and Mw, the value of a obtained in all cases shows a value smaller than 0.5, which reports that dextran macromolecule has a degree of hyperbranched with increasing molecular weight and increases much for higher Mw (< 200kDa) which making the application of M-H method more difficult. IV. However, the currently available transdermal systems are limited by low drug permeability across the skin due to the lipophilic barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost skin layer of the skin [3,4,5]; the methods favor low molecular mass, and lipophilic molecules, making it difficult to exploit the transdermal route for large and water-soluble molecules such as proteins and peptides. Trop J Pharm Res. Biomaterials Research Salunkhe SS, Bhatia NM, Pokharkar VB, Thorat JD, Bhatia MS. Topical delivery of idebenone using nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluations of sun-protection and anti-oxidant effects. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Analytes and stationary phase with Universal Calibration Relative Measurement Concentration and MW detector: RI + Viscometer Relationship between hydrodynamic volume (MW*intrinsic viscosity) and elution volume Multiple detection The Dextrans intrinsic viscosity is determined as a function of the molecular weight in water and NaOH 0.5 M see reference [1]. WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. ; Rani, K.Y. After the pore closure examination, each sample was stored in a 10% neutral buffered formalin awaiting haematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Ghimici, Luminita; Nichifora, Marieta; Eich, Andreas; Wolf, Bernhard A. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Senti, F. R.; Hellman, N. N.; Ludwig, G.; Babcock, E.; Tobin, R.; Class, C. A., (1955). ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Journal of Controlled Release, 119, 5-24. Human cadaver skins (fresh human full-thickness skin disc, 12~20mm) were supplied by Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). Recent Pat. The effect of branching is best recognized from the molecular weight dependencies of []. (2007). ; Grishchenko, A.E. The skin culture medium was purchased from Biopredic International (Saint-Grgoire, France). The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly The parameters of Mark-Houwink for polymers can vary with the polymer solution and temperature. Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. 20K. * shows a significant difference between the M.W. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. Carbohydrate Polymers, 79, 380-390. A long-chain polymer molecule in solution takes on a somewhat kinked or curled shape, intermediate between a tightly curled mass (coil) and a rigid linear configuration. Rissmann R, Oudshoorn MHM, Hennink WE, Ponec M, Bouwstra JA. De Belder, A.N. As a consequence of the diversity in their origin, the set of classical universal size independent quantities suffers from shortcomings. However, when molecules deviate from globular to non-spherical or elongated structures then Rg/Rh tend to values upwards of European Polymer Journal, 37, 619-622. Table 2 shows that comparing the intrinsic viscosity data obtained from the Huggins method and the Solomon-Ciuta single-point method, a similar values are obtained and the %RE is lower for low Mw and it increases for higher Mw. The Viscosity of Dilute Solutions of Long-Chain Molecules. Intrinsic viscosity of bovine serum albumin conformers. a Microscopy images of micropore and b quantified data using ImageJ after 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 24h according to the number of times microproration was done (n=150, *: p<0.05). Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. Morris, G.A. In vitro studies with human cadaver skin is a viable, ethical, and economical alternative for in vivo animal studies. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. Kim J, Jang JH, Lee JH, Choi JK, Park WR, Bae IH, Bae J, Park JW. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The Hydrodynamic Radii of Macromolecules and Their Effect on Red Blood Cell Aggregation. ; Yevlampieva N.P. 2008;26(11):12618. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. It is a measure of the width of molecular weight distributions (MWD) as well as probability of molecular weight distribution curve (GPC). Int. 2009;8(2):1739. (more or less, with a hydrodynamic radius of less than 100 nm) to cross from the vasculature into the interstitium. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Ioan, C.E. Kloster, C.; Bica, C.; Lartigue, C.; Rochas, C.; Samios, D.; Geissler E. (1998). Viscosity of in water solution polysaccharides depends on intrinsic characteristics of the biopolymer (such as molecular weight, volume, size, shape, surface charge, deformation facility, esterification degree, and galacturonic content) and on ambient factors (such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, solvent, etc.). The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. Front Microbiol. Expert Rev Med Devices. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of individual samples of dextran, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and polyoxyethylene over a range of molecular weights (1,500 Typical examples are the classical size-independent combinations like the Flory parameter, which that combine the intrinsic viscosity, [], and the gyration radius, Rg: These quantities have been proposed along the years, by different eminent scientists, after whom they are named. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. On the molecular weight distribution of dextran T-500. WebHydrodynamic radius = variable size of an analyte with specific MW based on dynamical properties. Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Dextran theta temperature between 43.14 and 44.44C for all the range of molecular weights explains the deviation at 45 and 50C [36, 37]. Article The intrinsic viscosity classical theory of random coils at conditions []0 predicts the quotient a0 = d ln[]0/d ln M to decrease from unity to 0.5 as the chain length increases. Ind. Article These results indicate that healing and regeneration occurred in the human cadaver skin after the microporation. Progr. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. 4K and M.W. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. DLS tests were conducted at detection angle of 90 (standard) and 173 (backscatter) to measure protein hydrodynamic radius, while protein charge was examined in phase analysis light scattering (PALS) mode at detection angle of 15 (forward). Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. (2004). Mark-Houwink values confirm that for these conditions dextrans behave as rigid spheres with a tendency at compaction as temperature increases. Hennink, W.E. (2008). and transmitted securely. 8. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. ; De Jong, S.J. 2009;301(8):60913. Pavlov, G.M. 2.It can be found from the figure that at the start-up stage of the shaft, the hydrodynamic effect (HE) is weak, so the HP is not enough to support the shaft, which Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Carbohydrate Polymers, 68, 477-488. Microporation techniques for enhanced delivery of therapeutic agents. Die Makromolekulare Chemie, 148(1), 229-238. Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. In general, Mv is not experimentally accessible, whereas other average molecular weights are accessible. Kloster, C.; Bica C.; Rochas C.; Samios, D.; Geissler, E. (2000). Carbohydrate Research, 340, 811-826. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. Lee WR, Shen SC, Sun CK, Aljuffali IA, Suen SY, Lin YK, Wang JJ, Fang JY. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative Google Scholar. Drug Deliv Syst. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Although, intrinsic viscosity is a molecular parameter that can be interpreted in terms of molecular conformation, it does not offer as high resolution on molecular structure as other methods such as Light Scattering, Circular Dichroism, Sedimentation Velocity, Sedimentation Equilibrium, Size Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Laser Light Scattering (SEC-MALLS), High-performance Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), NMR, X-rays, etc. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 72, 871-876. Micropores are produced by the arrangement of microelectrodes on the skin at precise dimensions, then RF energy generated by alternating currents induces ionic vibrations between electrodes with positive or negative charges. Study of temperature influence. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Huggins equation [41] gives the relation to the relative viscosity increase (i). Indo AM J Pharm. Carbohydrate Polymers 88 373-381. Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. government site. Epub 2012 May 28. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in Chen Rong Huei; Min Lang Tsai (1998). WebThe micelles produced at pH 4.6 have a spherical shape and their size is dependent on the Maillard reaction: reaction time, molar ratio of casein to dextran, and molecular weight of dextran used. Bahary, W. S.; Hogan, M. P.; Jilani, M.; Aronson, M. P. (1995). The analysis of errors using the Solomon-Ciuta method is compared with HM [59]. Dear Sir. Alan F Rawle , Can you help me in calculating the size of dextran 4 (molecular weight= 4000) and dextran 10 (molecular weight 10,000)? Th 1984;17(6):11703. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. Drug Discov Today Technol. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. (1998). At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. The explanation for the anomalous values of a and kM-H is because the mixture solute-solvent is highly compatible due a great compaction of biopolymer, from undisturbed state in the absence of interactions, where free energy of mixing less than zero, and emphasize the nature non-linear or hyperbranched of dextran for Mw high to 200kDa. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. In a good solvent, a temperature increase results in an intrinsic viscosity decrease and in a less-extended conformation (RH<), because the entropy value increases with an increase in temperature and it is unfavorable for an extended conformation. The 70-kDa FITC dextran reached the jejunum after 15 min and passed the entire small intestine within 1 h after its administration, demonstrating that 4-kDa FITC dextran measured in plasma 1 h after its oral application is a marker of small intestinal permeability. 2012;3(1):208. Transdermal delivery is of great importance for the effective delivery of bioactive or therapeutic agents into a body. Ed., 9(2), 85-90. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. The flattening of the curves at higher molecular weight is in agreement with an increased branching density. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. The enhanced permeability through micropores was confirmed by Franz diffusion cell. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. 2010;4(1):117. Journal of American Chemical Society, 64(11), 2716-2718. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. (1999). This phenomenon is observed in the case of hyperbranched biopolymers evidencing an increase of a with temperature. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). The values of 0 decreases from 2.5429 to 2.3326 x 1023mol-1 demonstrating a relative flexibility of particles. 1994, 95-0355. TEWL measurements were taken 30min after microporation of the human and pig skin. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. Keywords: FITC dextran; intestinal permeability; transit time. Keywords: The molecular weight of dextran samples can be obtained by a variety of methods including light scattering, HPLC/SEC, sedimentation, osmometry and end-group analysis. Structure Properties of Dextran. Pharm Res. The hydrodynamic radius is important in predicting transretinal penetration Carroll PJ. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. In order to confirm the molecular weight the gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for standard dextrans is used in a range of molecular weights from 8.8 to 2000kDa and these correspond to the following equation. (2013). Cookies policy. 2019;26(1):25261. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2015;32(5):170413. Rheology of dextran solutions. Enhanced topical delivery of small hydrophilic or lipophilic active agents and epidermal growth factor by fractional radiofrequency microporation. B 113, 8020-8025. Degrees of long-chain branching in dextrans. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin.

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