how does douglass refute this counterclaim?how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

For each of the following sentences, write the correct word or expression from the pair in parentheses. Claims of fact make assertions that can be proven or disproven with evidence. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. Use the present tense of the verb. Americas mission and destiny are to supply the [most] perfect national illustration of the unity and dignity of the human family that the world has ever seen. This is the essential bequest of our fundamental principles of government, world-embracing in their scope and character.[31] The Union victory, in Douglasss view, signified a momentous victory for a grand politics of integration. [30] Life and Writings, Vol. Writing Revision: How to Fix Mistakes in Your Writing, AEPA English Language Arts (NT301): Practice & Study Guide, AEPA Middle Grades English Language Arts (NT201): Practice & Study Guide, Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Literature: Standards, 10th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, 11th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Help and Review, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Tutoring Solution, 11th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, 12th Grade English Curriculum Resource & Lesson Plans, Common Core ELA Grade 7 - Speaking & Listening: Standards, Create an account to start this course today. By learning to read and write, Douglass eventually came to the conclusion that he was not living the life he wanted and longed to get away. At the same time Douglass is disgusted with education because it lets him know and fully understand the extent and horrors of slavery. In other words, rather than attempting to restore what slavery took from its victims in actual or potential acquirements of wealth and status, governments should secure opportunities and lend support for the freedpeoples own efforts in self-improvement and self-elevation. Douglass made these particular remarks in a speech at the dedication of an industrial education institution in the state of Virginia, but they represent an extension of his broader advocacy, in this period, of a federally established system of public schools. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? Here, where universal suffrage is the ruleto rule us out is to make us an exception, to brand us with the stigma of inferiority, and to invite to our heads the missiles of those about us.[38], This was no merely abstract consideration. He claims that African Americans like himself have been denied the freedom that the holiday supports. In your thesis paragraph, you make it . [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. Douglasss arguments on this subject extended back to his early abolitionist years, when he saw very clearly that slaves natural rights to liberty were fundamentally identical with their natural rights to propertywith their natural properties in their own persons, in their own labor, and in the fruits of that laborand that the fundamental evil of slavery was to deprive them, at once, of both. Post author: Post published: junho 10, 2022 Post category: comcast central division leadership Post comments: semi pro football tulsa semi pro football tulsa [10] See, for example, Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of the Freedmens Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, April 14, 1876, in The Frederick Douglass Papers: Series One, Vol. Shubhra Mohanty June 09, 2022 I have had but one answer from the beginning. Profoundly aggrieved by that hell-black crime, Douglass yet struggled characteristically to find in it cause for hope. Another is that slavery is an institution fundamentally based on violence, telling the story of the vicious beatings an aunt of his would often receive: I have often been awakened at the dawn of day by the most heart-rending shrieks of an own aunt of mine, whom he used to tie up to a joist, and whip upon her naked back till she was literally covered with blood. Douglass proposed the chartering of a national land and loan company empowered to purchase available tracts of land and then to resell or lease those lands to members of the newly emancipated class. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. To the enslaved and battered millions [who] have come, suffered, died, and gone, he observed, no recompense can be made. The same was true for those millions living descendents: If the American people could put a school house in every valley; a church on every hill top in the South and supply them with a teacher and a preacher respectively and welcome the descendents of the former slaves to all the moral and intellectual benefits of the one and the other, without money and without price, such a sacrifice would not compensate their children for the terrible wrong done to their fathers and mothers, by their enslavement and enforced degradation.[52]. position? and the excerpt from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The thesis provides the main argument for the essay as well as an outline for the rest of the essay. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. [11] Douglass, Speech at the American Anti-Slavery Society, May 11, 1847, in The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass, Vol. Components of an Argument: Reasons and Evidence, Essay Introduction: Write a Thesis and Capture Your Audience, Point of View: First, Second & Third Person, Logos, Ethos and Pathos: 3 Ways to Appeal to an Audience in Essays, Parts of An Argument: Claims, Counterclaims, Reasons, and Evidence, Writing Informative Texts: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.2, Writing Narratives: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.3, Writing Development, Organization & Style: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.4, Revising & Editing: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.5, Conducting Research: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.7, Finding & Citing Sources: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.8, Writing Practice: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.10, CLEP American Literature: Study Guide & Test Prep, CLEP College Composition: Study Guide & Test Prep, 12th Grade English: Homework Help Resource, Praxis English Language Arts: Content Knowledge (5038) Prep, College Composition for Teachers: Professional Development, Logical Argument: Definition, Parts & Examples, Understanding Whether Given Evidence Supports a Conclusion, Drawing Conclusions Based on Internal Validity, Verifiable Evidence, Reasoning, & Logical Arguments in Science, German Baroque Literature: Characteristics & Examples, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. [4] Thurgood Marshall, Speech at the Annual Seminar of the San Francisco Patent and Trademark Law Association, May 6, 1987, at http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm (November 8, 2010). [31] Douglass, Our Composite Nationality, December 7, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Here it is essential to note that Douglass, like James Madison, conceived of the right to property in its primary sense as a right to acquire material goods, grounded in the free use of ones faculties for productive labor. to confirm your understanding of the speech. Not only will people need to know where you got your evidence, they might even want to see it. The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. It will tell that people and all others that the nation has the disposition if not entire ability to do the Negro right and justice.[54]. Dont pick a straw man. In other words, dont pick a weak opposing argument that is too easy to refute. Douglasss postwar arguments were consistent with this position. In an argument, your, 'My cell phone doesn't have Internet access,' would need to be beefed up a little, to, 'My current cell phone doesn't provide Internet access, which is necessary for me to complete all my homework.' IV, p. 319. Its my students first attempt at writing the argumentative essay. Frederick Douglass devoted his singular 54-year career of public advocacy to the grand, mutually inseparable causes of the liberation and elevation of his fellow black Americans and the racial and moral integration of America. III, p. 274. Evidence tells your reader how your claim is proved. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. And it is no less difficult to see how the propagation of the opinion that the American Founders ostensibly universal principles and ostensibly free institutions were meant to secure the oppression of people of color could fail to spread and to deepen that demoralizing sentiment. "What to the Slave is the Fourth of July" by Frederick Douglass - Quizlet The United States should ban capital punishment. Douglass's life-story is presented in a way that creates a compelling argument against the justification of slavery. Viewed in its larger significance, the Union victory meant a victory not only over an extreme, implicitly anarchic variant of the state-sovereignty doctrine, but also over the no less pernicious doctrines of sectionalism and racial supremacy. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. America must be envisioned and remade by its white and black citizens alike as AfricanAmericans genuine home, not merely by the accident and force of necessity but as an object of their rational and sentimental identification. [29] Douglass, Speech at the Unveiling of The Freedmens Monument, April 14, 1876, in Life and Writings, Vol. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? 348349 (emphasis in original). He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. 4. With the election of the first Republican President in 1860, Douglasss hopeful predictions would soon be vindicated, but this was not what he initially expected of an Abraham Lincoln Administration. How would you like to be able to win any argument? Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. How does Douglass's opening reference to the Declaration of Independence reinforce his message? [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). All rights reserved. Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups For example, in Virginia, "there are seventy-two crimeswhich, if committed by a black man, subject him to the punishment of death; while only two of the same crimes will subject a white man to the like punishment". However a very courageous man, Frederick Douglass challenges those beliefs. This is an effective counterclaim because it disagrees with the claim (stating that it should not be banned) and provides reasoning that disproves it (that it provides closure). Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. II, p. 528 (emphasis in original). But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. You're going to need to support your claim to get rid of that crummy, old, obsolete phone that's holding you back. As a result of entering slave-hood at an early age, he did not know his birthdate (like most slaves). First, it makes clear that Douglasss demand for nothing but fair play allowed for vigorous protective and remedial action by the federal government. Under the whole Heavens, he remarked in 1894, there never was a people liberated from bondage under conditions less favorable to the successful beginning of a new and free mode of life, than were the Freedmen of the South. [51] With respect to corrective justice, he firmly endorsed the principle but took a subtle, carefully measured position with respect to its present application. Douglasss escape from slavery and eventual freedom are inseparable from his movingly narrated attainment of literacy. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; The question that has with stood the test of time is, are these encounters that have been written out, exaggerated or the whole truth and nothing but the truth? In the early 1800s Frederick Douglass was born in Tuckahoe, Maryland, and grew up on Colonial Edward Lloyds plantation. There are three parts of the structure of an argumentative essay: introduction, body, and conclusion. Twenty months later, he returned a free man by law, his freedom having been purchased with funds raised by English friends, and resumed his abolitionist labors in the U.S. The reasoning is about the cost of the death penalty, while the evidence is about racial disparities in the implementation of the death penalty. Thousands of black Americans did just that. The body of the essay is three paragraphs and contains the author's reasoning, evidence, and counterclaims. It means light and liberty. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. The prostrate form, the uncovered head, the cringing attitude, the bated breath, the suppliant, outstretched hand of beggary does not become an American freeman, and does not become us as a class, and we will not consent to be any longer represented in that position. https://www.facebook.com/groups/sorliteracyhub, Enter code 3716 for 10% Discount on all ELA and Reading Intervention Programs. Check your answer in a print or an online college-level dictionary, Identify and define two other words in which the prefix ob- means "against." Speed swimmers have made (alot/a lot) of progress since the 1924 Olympics. In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? Identify the parts of an argumentative essay. appalachian school of law shooting victims; private members' clubs london mayfair. So, there you have it - the four parts of an argument: claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? - tiebe.gay II, pp. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. An argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer tries to persuade a particular audience that their claim or point of view is correct. Slavery not only expropriated the fruits of its victims labor, but also assaulted the moral and mental faculties by which, once freed, they might otherwise have put their labor to profitable and elevating uses. ', Then it's time for the reasons you've prepared well in advance, because you know exactly what she'll ask. Douglass has been taught a few reading lessons form his mistress. This counterclaim both disagrees with the claim and disproves it with on-topic reasoning. The purpose of an argument, whether it's in a paper or a speech, is to convince or persuade. Attorney Douglass does not refute any specific findings by the trial court, but simply claims in a conclusory manner that there was . : Da Capo Press, 2001), p. 688. That is provable, because your phone is so old it barely has texting! But he makes it equally clear that slavery was not successful in achieving this aim. James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. In the long history of AfricanAmerican political thought, there is no more forceful proponent of the cause of integration than Douglass, and there is no more insightful analyst of the varieties and dangers of national and racial disintegration. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe pre-eminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. To remedy the degradation and impoverishment that proceeded from this culture of indolence, Douglass throughout the postwar years insistently extolled the property right and the virtues of free labor that supported it, and he called upon his fellow black Americans in particular to cultivate the self-reliant virtues of industry, productivity, and thrift. Soon enough after AfricanAmericans gained the vote, Douglass believed, the interests of white politicians and voters would overcome their prejudices; blacks would be courted by the leaders of all parties, and their rights and interests would be recognized in law and policy.[41]. It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. [55] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 287; Douglass, Self-Elevation, in Life and Writings, Vol. I feel like its a lifeline. [2] Cornel West, Race Matters (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993), chapter 1. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. 2 - Evidence. First, Douglasss focus on education indicates that in his view, the public (federal or state) role in repairing the wrongs in question must be instrumental rather than providential. Using stories to illustrate each of his points, Douglass shows that black slaves only tell whites they are happy to avoid retribution, that they sing to mourn and lament their fate, and that owners who have gone to revival meetings and come back "converted" to Christianity feel even more emboldened to beat and mistreat their slaves, because it is Biblically sanctioned that slaves must obey their masters. Douglas first swam alone in the pool to remove his residual doubts about his fear of water. Additionally, it comes from a credible source: an academic paper from the. Fredrick Douglas Flashcards | Quizlet Sometimes, an author breaks their overall claim, or thesis, into smaller claims called sub-claims. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. safeguard properties lawsuit 2017; syl johnson chad ochocinco father In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. If the author's claim is that organ selling should be legalized, an example of an effective counterclaim would be that organ selling should not be legalized because it can drive up the cost of organ transplants, meaning that only the rich could afford to receive a transplant. At the end of this excerpt, what encouraging signs does Douglass find? Kimberly has taught Reading/Language Arts to intermediate and middle school students and holds a Master's Degree. IV, p. 436. He analyzes the story of his wifes cousins death to provide a symbol of outrage due to the unfairness of the murderers freedom. An effective argumentative essay will bring up counterclaims for two reasons: An effective counterclaim will both disagree with and disprove a claim. II, p. 360. Then, it's time for your evidence, which, again, you have thoughtfully and thoroughly prepared. To this day, Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe preeminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. Although writers use plenty of other options, Im teaching the counterclaim and refutation in the final body paragraph. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. 2. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. Slavery was established by religious law. Douglass says that laws in the South are anti-black. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. Douglass attempts to show us how African American slaves were still human beings like their white counterparts, there have been numerous instances where it is shown that many whites did not want to accept slaves as true humans. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave - eNotes He attempts to demonstrate this in the Narrative by describing some of the horrific experiences he witnessed. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it's much more costly to execute a person than to imprison them for life" (Andre and Velasquez). 1. If you're ever going to convince your mom to get that new cell phone that's just perfect for you, you're going to have to move beyond mere opinions. 350351. What would you ask them to do? Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. 235236. Everyone would agree that education helps develop us into who we are and what we can become. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. That's a reason. 556, 569. Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. work!!! In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. In particular, slaveholders perpetrated no greater wrong than their withholding of education from those enslaved. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. This is called the counterclaim. Protagoras (pictured right) engaging in a public debate. The more difficult ones were put in place by Douglass in order to provide a deep and profound statement, without arousing too much opposition. Formulated more precisely, his demand Let [the Negro] alone meant Give him fair play and let him alone, but be sure you give him fair play.[34] In its most general meaning, fair play or justice to black Americans was to be determined by a principle of non-exceptionalism. State what role curiosity plays in an interview. That the natural-rights principles epitomized in the Declaration of Independence were universally and permanently true; That the everlasting glory of Americas Founding lay in its dedication to those principles; and. Undaunted by these setbacks, however, he maintained to the end a strenuous schedule of speaking and writing, laboring to remind the succeeding generations that there was a right side and a wrong side in the late war and to propagate his undying faith in the mission and promise of America. It made of Americans one glorious and homogeneous people (as Douglass said of the Emancipation Proclamation)[30] and elevated America to its rightful place among nations as exemplar of the humanitarian spirit of the age. The signers of the Declaration of Independence, Douglass told his audience that day, were brave men. Yet, while Douglass narrative describes in vivid detail his experiences of life as a slave, what Douglass intends for his readers to grasp after reading his narrative is something much more profound. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. Frederick Douglass, J. M. Whitfield, H. O . Visiting Scholar, 2016-17 Visiting Fellow in American Political Thought, Frederick Douglasss America: Race, Justice, and the Promise of the Founding, Presidents Day Reflections on George Washingtons American Character, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm, http://www.thurgoodmarshall.com/speeches/constitutional_speech.htm, http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/doughtml/doughome.html. These displays of humanity would naturally arouse the sympathy of non-slaveholders, a few of whom at first, and more with the passage of time, would take up the cause of abolition. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? [37] Ibid., pp. Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. How he acquired it is a part of his story not to be neglected. 2017-12-11 03:56:25. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech?
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